Variants
The Atlantis (rising) platform
A platform that can't be found by luck.
An ordinary platform can be found by chance, and during a probe trial you have to take it out. The Atlantis platform, described by Spooner, Thomson and Hall in 1994 as a development of Burešová's on-demand platform, sits well below the surface and rises when the animal reaches, or stays at, the target. So it won't be found by chance.
Why a rising platform helps
A rising platform makes sure animals cannot find the target by chance or by circling, so faster times really mean learning.
More detail
A non-rising platform allows non-spatial strategies, so falling latencies can be misread as spatial learning, and in probes strong learners may leave once the platform has gone. The Atlantis sits well below the surface and rises when the subject reaches or dwells at the target.
Use the rising platform to make sure spatial learning is needed, a fixed one to see which strategy animals prefer, and both to learn preference and capability. Whichever you use, go beyond latency and target-quadrant time: heading, Gallagher proximity, close passes, pool circling and time slices.
Questions people ask
What safety points apply to the Atlantis platform?
Never connect the Atlantis to mains power; use only the control box supplied. 1) Keep cable connectors outside the pool. 2) Handle the top and base carefully out of water, as the magnets attract strongly. 3) On an older model with a control tower and rechargeable battery, keep the tower switch in the middle except for a split-second release, and charge the battery only with its balance charger.
More detail
Do not connect the platform to mains power; use only the control box provided. The power is low voltage but the cable connectors are not designed for water, so keep them outside the pool. Without power, the magnet under the platform top strongly attracts the base electromagnet, so avoid letting them snap together, especially out of water. Older Atlantis models use a control tower with a rechargeable LiPo battery instead: keep the tower switch in the middle except for a release of a second or less (holding release drains the battery and can damage the battery and electromagnet coils), and charge it only with the balance charger on its 'LiPo BALANCE' setting.
Going deeper
The current control box runs on a 9 V PP3 battery that you replace before it runs flat; the older tower's LiPo battery is balance-charged with the tower switched to charging, and its switch stays in the middle except for a split-second release. If you are not sure which model you have, ask HVS.
How do I adjust the height of the Atlantis platform?
Adjust the collars on the rods with the 3 mm hex wrench supplied. 1) Loosen the grub screw slightly through the hole in the platform top. 2) Hold the rod and collar with one finger inside. 3) Slide the rod in or out. 4) Retighten.
More detail
The platform arrives pre-assembled, typically 30 cm high when raised, to suit 30 cm of water. Height is set by collars fixed with grub screws on the rods along which the top slides. Reach the grub screws through the holes in the platform top with the supplied 3 mm hex wrench, loosen just enough to slide the rod through the collar, and retighten. Keep a finger inside to locate the rod and collar so the screw or collar does not fall out.
Going deeper
Set the raised height so the top sits just below the water surface. Web product information gives a vertical range of about 23–35 cm for the standard Atlantis; for other depths, contact HVS.
The Atlantis top bobs up or will not stay down. How do I balance it?
Adjust the air and water inside the top until it stays down when tapped but lifts with a gentle pull. 1) Tilt it sideways underwater to let water in. 2) Push down and test. 3) If it bobs up, add a little more water. 4) If it will not lift, let some air back in.
More detail
When you first submerge the platform in a session, turn it sideways to partly fill the top with water, then test whether the top sticks to the base when pushed down. If it bobs up, add a little more water and retest. If it does not bob up with a gentle upward pull, it needs more air. The right balance is when it stays down if tapped from the side but lifts easily with a very gentle pull. If it is close but lifts a little too easily, push it down firmly and count to two on contact; if it still bobs up, release a little air by tilting it underwater.
Going deeper
The adjustability compensates for fouling of the magnetic contacts by substances in the pool, including whitener. Connect the control box to the tracking PC by the supplied USB cable and use the standard (not VR) Morris water maze instructions.
How do I make the Atlantis platform rise automatically?
Set the button at the bottom right to 'USB on End' and choose an Auto-end option. 1) Click the button until it shows 'USB on End'. 2) Choose 'Yes' to rise on arrival, or 'Delay in Secs' for a dwell time. 3) Push the platform down between trials. If it still does not rise, listen for a click from the control box and try another USB port.
More detail
On the Morris Water Maze run screen, click the button at the bottom right until 'USB on End' shows (its other states are 'Auditory Off', 'Tone on Swim' and 'Tone on End'). Under 'Auto-end on platform' choose 'Delay in Secs' for a dwell time, or 'Yes' to rise as soon as the subject reaches the target area. The platform then rises when the subject reaches the platform location defined by your calibration and the trial's platform number. Between trials push it gently down so the magnets hold it.
Going deeper
The target area that triggers release is set in Calibration and can be equal to, larger or smaller than the physical platform, depending on how precisely the subject must locate the position. Clicking the button moves it to the next mode, so check it still reads 'USB on End'. If there is no click from the control box at trial end, try the other USB ports in turn. If Atlantis is used with a dwell during training, use it in probes too (with a slightly longer dwell) so it is not found by chance.
Can I raise the Atlantis platform manually?
Yes. Select 'No' under 'Auto-end on platform' and click 'END' when you want it to rise. You can also use Atlantis at regular height as a non-rising platform.
More detail
To raise the platform manually, select 'No' under 'Auto-end on platform'; the platform rises when you click 'END'. In non-automatic mode set at regular height, Atlantis can also act as a conventional non-rising platform.
Going deeper
Design choice: a non-rising platform lets subjects use non-spatial strategies (for example circling at a fixed distance from the wall), which can make falling latencies look like spatial learning. A platform that sits well below the surface and rises only when the subject reaches or dwells at the location ensures spatial learning is needed. Using both can show preferred strategy and capability.
How do I clean the Atlantis platform and change its battery?
Clean with a soft brush, and replace the 9 V PP3 battery before it runs flat. 1) Brush gently, especially the magnets. 2) Undo the Torx screws on the control box top. 3) Swap the battery. 4) Tighten each screw a little at a time.
More detail
Clean the platform regularly with a soft brush, taking particular care with the magnets and electromagnets; you can take it apart by loosening the grub screws that hold the rods in the top and base. The control box holds a 9 V PP3 battery expected to last hundreds of trials; replace it before it fails to avoid disruption. Remove the Torx screws on the top with the supplied screwdriver, change the battery and refit the top by tightening each screw a little at a time.
Going deeper
This applies to the current control-box model. Older Atlantis models with a control tower and LiPo battery are charged instead: switch the tower to charging, connect the black balance cable and the black and red banana cables (black to black, red to red), select 'LiPo BALANCE 4.0A 14.8V (4S)' on the charger, hold Start/Enter until 'R:4SER S:4SER CONFRM' appears, then press Start/Enter. A bleep and 'Full' mean it is done; return the switch to the middle.
What does the target diameter box do with the Atlantis platform?
It sets the size of the area that makes the Atlantis platform rise. 1) Type the target size in the target diameter box. 2) It can match the platform or be larger or smaller. 3) The platform rises when the subject reaches, or stays in, that area.
More detail
With the HVS Image Atlantis platform, the target diameter box sets the size of the target area the subject must reach, or dwell in, to trigger the platform to rise. It can be equal to, larger or smaller than the submerged platform, depending on how precisely you want the subject to locate it.
Going deeper
Rising is linked to the 'Auto-end on platform' setting in Trial Setup ('Yes', 'No', or 'Delay in Secs' for a dwell time) and to the calibrated platform number used for the trial. Choose 'No' to raise it manually with 'END'. Do not connect the platform to mains power; use only the control unit.
HVS Image describes the Atlantis platform for the Morris water maze.
Sources
- Spooner et al. (1994). The Atlantis platform: a new design and further developments of Buresova's on-demand platform for the water maze. Learning & Memory 1(3):203-211. doi:10.1101/lm.1.3.203
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